Method and apparatus for managing denitration catalyst

ABSTRACT

Data on a secular change of each denitration catalyst is managed based on data obtained by a periodic maintenance and a daily management. Management of a secular change and prediction on performance variations that occur until a next periodic check is performed. It is determined whether the denitration catalyst is deteriorated such that an exhaust-gas denitration system cannot maintain its performance. When the denitration catalyst is deteriorated, regeneration, replacement, or addition of the denitration catalyst is performed, and the denitration catalyst is altered as necessary. When the denitration catalyst is usable, the denitration catalyst is not replaced nor regenerated.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/532,830 filed Apr. 26,2005. The entire disclosure(s) of the prior application(s), applicationSer. No. 10/532,830 is considered part of the disclosure of theaccompanying divisional application and is hereby incorporated byreference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for managinga denitration catalyst, which is provided in an exhaust-gas denitrationsystem in a thermal power station or the like, by grasping performanceof the denitration catalyst, and by performing maintenance for thedenitration catalyst depending on the performance.

BACKGROUND ART

A nitrogen oxide (NO_(x)) contained in exhaust gas in a thermal powerstation or the like using petroleum, coal, gas, or the like as a fuel isa typical air pollutant besides a sulfur oxide (SO_(x)) and particles ofsoot. Emission of NO_(x) is regulated by laws. In such circumstances, anexhaust-gas denitration system is conventionally provided in a boiler ina thermal power station, a large-sized boiler of various types, otherwaste incinerators, or the like. The exhaust-gas denitration systemincludes a plurality of denitration catalyst layers.

As the denitration catalyst, a honeycomb type and or plate typedenitration catalyst is used. If the denitration catalyst iscontinuously used, a matter that deteriorates a performance of thedenitration catalyst adheres or melts out on a surface or inside of thedenitration catalyst. This disadvantageously results in a deteriorationof the performance of the denitration catalyst. Conventionally, theperformance of the denitration catalyst is managed by measuring anNO_(x) concentration and an unreacted NH₃ concentration at an inlet andan outlet. If overall performance is deteriorated, the catalysts aresequentially replaced with new catalysts in a descending order ofservice life on a periodic basis.

The conventional technique has, however, a disadvantage of an increasedreplacement cost since a denitration catalyst is very expensive. Adegree of performance deterioration of the denitration catalyst dependson a manner of use of the exhaust-gas denitration system or a positionat which the catalyst is used in the system. Due to this, replacement ofeven a usable denitration catalyst is sometimes conducted which is aninefficient replacement. In addition, according to an analysis of theapplicant, the performance of the denitration catalyst is sometimesrecovered by regeneration, which can eliminate the need for replacement.

The present invention has been achieved in view of above disadvantages(problems). It is an object of the present invention to provide a methodand apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst that ensure efficientand cost-effective management of a denitration catalyst includingregeneration and replacement thereof by comprehensively and intensivelymanaging the denitration catalyst.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

To solve the above problems, a method for managing a denitrationcatalyst according to the present invention is a method for managing aplurality of denitration catalysts in an exhaust-gas denitration system,and includes measuring a performance of the denitration catalystsseparately for each of the denitration catalysts; and determining whichprocess is to be performed, regeneration of the denitration catalysts orreplacement of the denitration catalysts, or neither of the regenerationnor the replacement is performed, for each of the denitration catalystsbased on the performance measured.

In the above invention, when it is determined to perform theregeneration, the determining includes selecting an optimum type ofregeneration from among a plurality of types of regeneration processes.

Moreover, in the above invention, the method further includes replacing,when it is determined to perform the replacement, one of the denitrationcatalysts with a denitration catalyst that has been used in anotherexhaust-gas denitration system and that that has undergone regeneration.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the method further includesdetermining a charge amount to be collected, when it is determined toperform the regeneration, by acquiring an amount of money at apredetermined ratio to an amount of a difference between a cost requiredfor the replacement and a cost required for the regeneration.

Moreover, in the above invention, the method further includesdetermining a charge amount to be collected from a user of theexhaust-gas denitration system based on a cost required for installationand management of the denitration catalysts.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the measuring includes measuringthe performance of the denitration catalysts by checking an exhaust gasat an inlet and an outlet of each of the denitration catalysts in adaily management for the denitration catalysts.

Moreover, in the above invention, the measuring includes, in a periodicmaintenance for the denitration catalysts, extracting a sample of eachof the denitration catalysts, and measuring performance of the sample.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the method further includesaltering, when it is determined to perform the replacement, a shape of adenitration catalyst to be replacement.

Moreover, in the above invention, the method further includes altering,when it is determined to perform the regeneration, a shape of adenitration catalyst to be regenerated.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the determining includesdetermining whether at least one of the regeneration, the replacement,and an addition of a new denitration catalyst is performed or none ofthe regeneration, the replacement, and the addition is performed, foreach of the denitration catalysts based on the performance.

Moreover, in the above invention, the method further includes adding,when it is determined to perform the addition, a denitration catalystthat has been used in another exhaust-gas denitration system, and thathas undergone regeneration.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the method further includesaltering, when it is determined to perform the addition, a shape of adenitration catalyst to be added.

Moreover, a method for managing a denitration catalyst according toanother invention is a method for managing a plurality of denitrationcatalysts in an exhaust-gas denitration system, and includes measuringperformance of the denitration catalysts separately for each of thedenitration catalysts; and determining execution timing for regenerationof the denitration catalysts and for replacement of the denitrationcatalysts, for each of the denitration catalysts based on theperformance measured by the measuring unit.

In the above invention, the determining includes determining executiontiming for addition of a new denitration catalyst for each of thedenitration catalysts in addition to the execution timing for theregeneration and for the replacement.

Moreover, in the above invention, the performance is measured bychecking an exhaust gas at an inlet and an outlet of each of thedenitration catalysts in a daily management for the denitrationcatalysts.

Furthermore, in the above invention, the measuring includes, in aperiodic maintenance for the denitration catalysts, extracting a sampleof each of the denitration catalysts, and measuring performance of thesample.

Moreover, a method for managing a denitration catalyst according tostill another invention is a method for managing a plurality ofdenitration catalysts in an exhaust-gas denitration system, and includespredicting performance of each of the denitration catalysts based oninformation on a scale and a n operation time of the exhaust-gasdenitration system; and determining execution timing for regeneration ofthe denitration catalysts, for replacement of the denitration catalysts,and for addition of a new denitration catalyst based on the performancepredicted at the predicting.

Furthermore, an apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst accordingto still another invention manages a plurality of denitration catalystsin an exhaust-gas denitration system, and includes a receiving unit thatreceives information on performance of each of the denitration catalyststhat is measured by a measuring device provided in the exhaust-gasdenitration system, through a network; a storage unit that stores theinformation on the performance of denitration catalysts received by thereceiving unit; and a determining unit that determines which process isto be performed, regeneration of the denitration catalysts orreplacement of the denitration catalysts, or neither of the regenerationnor the replacement is performed, for each of the denitration catalystsbased on the information in the storage unit.

In the above invention, the determining unit determines whether at leastone of the regeneration, the replacement, and an addition of a newdenitration catalyst is performed, or none of the regeneration, thereplacement, and the addition is performed, for each of the denitrationcatalysts based on the information in the storage unit.

Moreover, in the above invention, the determining unit determinesexecution timing for an addition of a new denitration catalyst for eachof the denitration catalysts based on the information in the storageunit in addition to the execution timing for the regeneration and forthe replacement.

Furthermore, an apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst accordingto still another invention manages a plurality of denitration catalystsin an exhaust-gas denitration system, and includes a storage unit thatstores information on performance of a plurality of denitrationcatalysts of other exhaust-gas denitration system and information onexecution timing for regeneration of the denitration catalysts, forreplacement of the denitration catalysts, and for addition of a newdenitration catalyst that are determined based on the information on theperformance of the denitration catalysts in the other exhaust-gasdenitration system; a input unit that accepts input of information on ascale and an operation time of the exhaust-gas denitration system; apredicting unit that predicts performance of each of the denitrationcatalysts in the exhaust-gas denitration system based on the informationaccepted by the input unit and the information stored in the storageunit; and a determining unit that determines execution timing for theregeneration, for the replacement, and for the addition for each of thedenitration catalysts based on the performance predicted by thepredicting unit.

According to the above aspects, the performance of the denitrationcatalysts are grasped for each denitration catalyst, and one ofappropriate processings can be performed for each denitration catalystdepending on the performance grasped. It is, therefore, possible toefficiently and cost-effectively manage the denitration catalysts. Theappropriate processings include the regeneration processing which isless expensive than the replacement of the catalyst with a new catalyst.Therefore, the performance of each denitration catalyst can be recoveredto a performance substantially the same as a performance obtained byreplacing the denitration catalyst with the new catalyst.

The execution timing of the replacement processing for the denitrationcatalysts is determined for each denitration catalyst. Therefore, bynotifying the regeneration or replacement timing in advance, efficientmeasures for the processing can be taken. In addition, a plurality ofdenitration catalysts including those in the exhaust-gas denitrationsystems in the suspended or discontinued power stations are managedcomprehensively and intensively using a network. It is, therefore,possible to facilitate management for more appropriate replacement ofthe denitration catalyst, and suppress total cost.

The denitration catalysts are rented out to facilities including thedenitration systems such as the thermal power station or the wasteincinerator. The periodic maintenance management and the dailymanagement for rental denitration catalysts are executed to carry outthe NO_(x) treatment for the power station. In compensation for themanagements and treatments, a rental fee calculated from the catalystinstallation cost and the management cost can be collected. A long-termrental contract enables the user to take environmental measures at lowercost than that required to purchase the denitration catalysts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an outline of a method formanaging a denitration catalyst according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a system configuration of adenitration catalyst management system including an apparatus formanaging a denitration catalyst according to the embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of an exhaust-gasdenitration system and a measuring device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a functional configuration of theapparatus for managing a denitration catalyst according to theembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining details of determinationfor a denitration catalyst layer, which is deteriorated, in the methodfor managing a denitration catalyst according to the embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram (graph) for explaining a change in adesign denitration ratio to an operating time and a change in unreacted(leak) NH₃;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram (graph) for explaining secular changemanagement and performance variation prediction;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a merit of regeneration ofthe denitration catalyst;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another configuration of theexhaust-gas denitration system;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a simulation example of anaddition (increase) of a denitration catalyst;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining another simulation exampleof the addition (increase) of a denitration catalyst;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of still another configuration of theexhaust-gas denitration system;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining an alteration processingfor the denitration catalyst;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining another alterationprocessing for the denitration catalyst; and

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining another functionalconfiguration of the apparatus for managing a denitration catalystaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments of a method and an apparatus for managing adenitration catalyst according to the present invention will beexplained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Outline of Method for Managing a Denitration Catalyst)

An outline of a method for managing a denitration catalyst according toan embodiment of the present invention will first be explained. FIG. 1is a schematic diagram for explaining an outline of a method formanaging a denitration catalyst according to the embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown in FIG. 1, at step S110, a periodicmaintenance management for a plurality of denitration catalysts 101 inan exhaust-gas denitration system 100 is performed. At step S120, adaily management of the denitration catalysts 101 based on measurementvalues obtained by a measuring device 102 that measures performance ofthe respective denitration catalysts 101 is performed.

Based on data obtained by the periodic maintenance management (stepS110) and the daily management (step S120), secular change data on thedenitration catalysts 101 in each unit is managed. Thus, the secularchange is managed and a performance variation prediction until a nextperiodic check is executed (step S130).

It is then determined whether a deterioration of each of the denitrationcatalysts 101 reaches a level at which the performance of theexhaust-gas denitration system 100 cannot be maintained (step S140). Ifit is determined that the denitration catalyst 101 is deteriorated(“deteriorated” at step S140), the denitration catalyst 101 isregenerated (step S150). Alternatively, the denitration catalyst 101 isexchanged (replaced) with a new one (step S160).

Further, a new denitration catalyst is added besides the denitrationcatalysts 101 (step S170). Alternatively, during regeneration at stepS150 or exchange (replacement) at step S160, the denitration catalystmay be altered (step S180). Details of the denitration catalyst additionprocessing (step S170) and the denitration catalyst alterationprocessing (step S180) will be explained later.

If it is determined that the denitration catalyst 101 is usable(“usable” at step S140), the performance of the exhaust-gas denitrationsystem 100 can be maintained without the need for the replacement or theregeneration of the denitration catalyst 101. No replacement orregeneration is performed, accordingly (step S190).

In the periodic maintenance management (step S110), a sample catalyst isextracted from each denitration catalyst layer in the exhaust-gasdenitration system 100 in each power station. In addition, a catalystperformance test and a deterioration factor identification are carriedout to the sample catalyst. More specifically, a performance test and asurface analysis are performed and evaluated for each sample catalyst.An execution target is each power station unit in which the exhaust-gasdenitration system 100 is disposed. A measurement is made at eachperiodic check or during each long-term suspension of operation. It isthereby possible to accurately grasp a greatly deteriorated catalyst.Further, at a catalyst performance test (step S111), a denitrationratio, an SO₂ oxidization ratio, and the like are detected by the test.

Examples of a method for a catalyst analysis (step S112) include acatalyst surface analysis (using an X-ray microanalyzer) for measuring adeteriorated matter on the catalyst surface and grasping the performancedeterioration, and a catalyst component analysis (an X-ray fluorescentanalysis) for measuring the deteriorated matter accumulated in catalystcomponents and grasping the performance deterioration.

In the daily management (step S120), a performance test (exhaust gasmeasurement) for the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 is performed(step S121) at each power station. An execution target is each powerstation unit in which the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 isdisposed, and an exhaust gas of each of the catalyst layers is measured.The measurement frequency is about once or twice per year. By thusgrasping the performance of the respective layers, the greatlydeteriorated catalyst layer is accurately grasped and efficientlyregenerated.

The regeneration of the denitration catalyst 101 (step S150)specifically is regeneration of the deteriorated catalyst based on asecular performance variation prediction. At step S150, regenerationtiming and a target catalyst (layer) are selected, and an optimumregeneration work is selected, prepared, and executed. Further, aregenerated catalyst activation test is performed thereby managing aperformance recovery ratio.

By thus managing the performance of the denitration catalysts 101 in theexhaust-gas denitration system 100 for each denitration catalyst 101,and carrying out an appropriate processing for each denitration catalyst101 based on a management result, the denitration catalysts 101 can beefficiently managed.

(Configuration of Denitration Catalyst Management System)

A system configuration of a denitration catalyst management systemincluding an apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst according tothe embodiment of the present invention will be explained. FIG. 2 is aschematic diagram for explaining a system configuration of thedenitration catalyst management system including the apparatus formanaging a denitration catalyst according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

In FIG. 2, measuring devices 102 a, 102 b, 102 c . . . respectivelyconnected to exhaust-gas denitration systems 100 a, 100 b, 100 c, . . .disposed in each of a plurality of power station units are connected toan apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 serving as acentralized management center through a network 200 such as theInternet. The apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 can,therefore, mutually communicate data with each of the measuring devices102 through the network 200. In addition, the apparatus for managing adenitration catalyst 201 can receive information on the performance ofthe denitration catalysts 101 measured by each of the measuring devices102 when necessary.

Further, the apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 cantransmit, to each of the measuring devices 102 or to an administrator ofeach of the exhaust-gas denitration systems 100, information on a timingof processings (a regeneration processing and a replacement processing)for each of the denitration catalysts 101 or the like, information on acharge amount required for management to be explained later, and thelike.

(Configurations of Exhaust-Gas Denitration System and Measuring Device)

Configurations of the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 and themeasuring device 102 will be explained next. FIG. 3 is a schematicdiagram of a configuration of the exhaust-gas denitration system and theconfiguration of the measuring device. While the exhaust-gas denitrationsystem 100 is provided in the thermal power station, an installationlocation of the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 according to thisembodiment is not limited to the thermal power station.

With reference to FIG. 3, the exhaust-gas denitration system 100includes an exhaust duct 302 connected to an upstream side of a systemmain body 301 and communicating with a boiler device of the thermalpower station and a processing gas duct 303 connected to a downstreamside of the system main body 301. In the system main body 301,denitration catalysts 101A to 101D in a plurality of layers (fourlayers) are arranged at predetermined intervals. Each of the denitrationcatalysts 101A to 101D is provided in such a manner that an exhaust gasintroduced from the exhaust duct 302 can be sequentially passed throughthe denitration catalysts 101A to 101D. Thus, each of the denitrationcatalyst 101 contacts with the exhaust gas having passed therethrough,and a nitrogen oxide (NO_(x)) contained in the exhaust gas can bereduced. Into the exhaust duct 302 communicating with the boiler device,NH₃ is injected depending on an amount of the exhaust gas from a boilermain body.

Types, shapes, and the like of each of the denitration catalysts 101A to101D are not limited. Generally, TiO₂ is used as a carrier, V₂O₅ is usedas an active component, and a honeycomb type, a plate type, or the likeis used as a catalyst type. Alternatively, the denitration catalyst thatcontains WO₃ or M₀O₃ as a co-catalyst component may be used or thedenitration catalyst that does not contain the co-catalyst component maybe used. In this embodiment, honeycomb denitration catalysts are usedand a plurality of columnar honeycomb type catalysts are arranged,thereby constituting each of the denitration catalysts 101A to 101D.

The measuring device 102 according to this embodiment is provided withgas extracting units 305A to 305E at inlets and outlets for each of thedenitration catalysts 101A to 101D. The gas extracting units 305A to305E are connected to NO_(x) concentration measuring units 306A to 306Eand NH₃ concentration measuring units 307A to 307E respectively.Information on measurement results obtained by the NO_(x) concentrationmeasuring units 306A to 306E and the NH₃ concentration measuring units307A to 307E is transmitted to a denitration ratio measuring unit 308that calculates a denitration ratio and a denitration burden ratio ofeach of the denitration catalysts 101A to 101D.

With such a configuration, the gas extracting units 305A to 305E extractsampling gases in desired amounts through sampling tubes at a desiredtiming, and supply the sampling gases extracted to the NO_(x)concentration measuring units 306A to 306E and the NH₃ concentrationmeasuring units 307A to 307E, respectively. In this embodiment, the gasextracting units 305A to 305E are configured to supply the extractedgases to the NO_(x) concentration measuring units 306A to 306E and theNH₃ concentration measuring units 307A to 307E, respectively.Alternatively, the gas extracting units may be independently provided inthe NO_(x) concentration measuring units 306A to 306E and the NH₃concentration measuring units 307A to 307E, respectively.

The sampling gas extraction timing at which the gas extracting units305A to 305E extract the sampling gases is not specifically limited.However, the extraction is performed preferably during a normaloperation of the corresponding power station, more preferably during arated load time at which the amount of gas reaches a maximum. As for thecatalyst layers on a downstream side, in particular, each NH₃concentration is reduced and a fluctuation width of the NH₃concentration increases. In order to improve a management evaluation,therefore, it is preferable to increase the number of times of measuringthe NH₃ concentration and to calculate the denitration ratio from anaverage concentration. Alternatively, the number of times of measuringthe NH₃ concentration may be changed for each denitration catalyst.

The NO_(x) concentration measuring units 306A to 306E and the NH₃concentration measuring units 307A to 307E are not specifically limitedas long as they measure the NO_(x) concentrations and the NH₃concentrations in the sampling gases, respectively. Sensors that measurethe NO_(x) concentrations and the NH₃ concentrations may be used, andeach sampling gas may be extracted either by an automatic measuringdevice or manually, and the extracted sampling gas may be analyzed. Asfor the sampling gas, concentrations of oxygen and other components maybe measured besides the NO_(x) concentration and the NH₃ concentrationwhen necessary.

While the measuring units are provided independently to measureconcentrations at each of the inlets and the outlets of each of thedenitration catalysts 101A to 101D, one unit of the NO_(x) concentrationmeasuring unit and one unit of the NH₃ concentration measuring unit maybe provided to sequentially analyze concentrations at the inlets and theoutlets of the denitration catalysts 101A to 101D.

The denitration ratio measuring unit 308 acquires measurement resultsfrom the NO_(x) concentration measuring units 306A to 306E and the NH₃concentration measuring units 307A to 307E, and calculates denitrationratios and denitration burden ratios of the respective denitrationcatalysts 101A to 101D from these measurement results. Functions of thedenitration ratio measuring unit 308 are realized by, for example,making a CPU execute programs stored in a ROM, a RAM, a hard disk or thelike, not shown.

A denitration ratio calculating method is not specifically limited aslong as the method is to calculate the denitration ratio inconsideration of (inlet mole ratio)=(inlet HN₃/inlet NO_(x)) of each ofthe denitration catalysts 101A to 101D. The reason for considering theinlet mole ratio is as follows. Since NH₃ is injected just beforeinjection of the denitration catalyst in proportion to an amount of gasand absorption of NH₃ to the catalyst is a rate-determining reaction ofa denitration reaction itself, it is necessary to grasp and consider theNH₃ concentration of each of the denitration catalysts 101A to 101D atthe inlet and the outlet therefor. To calculate the denitration ratio inconsideration of the inlet mole ratio, the ratio may be calculated basedon either NO_(x) or NH₃. However, if the denitration ratio is calculatedbased on NH₃, the denitration ratio can be managed more accurately.

Exemplary procedures for calculating the denitration ratio will now beexplained. The following equation (1) is used for calculating adenitration ratio η based on the NO_(x) concentration.

$\begin{matrix}{\eta = {\frac{( {{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}} - {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}} \times 100 \times \frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}}} & {{equation}\mspace{14mu}(1)}\end{matrix}$

In the equation (1), the evaluation mole ratio is set to evaluate thedenitration catalyst and can be set at an appropriate mole ratio, forexample, at about an operational mole ratio of the power station, e.g.,0.8. The denitration ratio η obtained from the equation (1) iscalculated based on the NO_(x) concentration. Since the inlet mole ratiois considered in the equation (1), the catalyst can be evaluated basedon the practical denitration ratio.

The following equation (2) is used for calculating the denitration ratioη based on the NH₃ concentration.

$\begin{matrix}{\eta\frac{( {{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NH}_{3}}} )}{( {{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NH}_{3}} + {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )} \times 100 \times \frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}} & {{equation}\mspace{14mu}(2)}\end{matrix}$

The denitration ratio η obtained from the equation (2) is calculatedbased on the NH₃ concentration, and a more stable numeric value of thedenitration ratio can be advantageously obtained than that calculatedbased on the NO_(x). Therefore, the evaluation of the catalyst can bemore stably performed.

A transmitter 309 transmits measurement data obtained by the denitrationratio measuring unit 308 to the apparatus for managing a denitrationcatalyst 201 through the network 200. Functions of the transmitter 309are realized with, for example, an interface such as a modem, not shown.

Thus, by monitoring the denitration performance of the respectivedenitration catalyst layers at a real time and predicting futureperformance thereof from secular performance variations, the operationalinformation can be appropriately provided to a catalyst user.Alternatively, the NO_(x) measurement results obtained by an alreadydisposed online chemiluminescent analyzer or the like can be transmittedthrough the network shown in FIG. 2.

Likewise, as for NH₃, measurement data obtained by a device thatoxidizes NH₃ (ammonia) into NO and that measures the converted NO bychemiluminescence or the like using an indirect measuring method, adevice using an infrared or ultraviolet absorption method that is adirect measuring method for directly measuring gaseous ammonia, a deviceusing a measurement method in conformity to JIS for directly measuringgaseous ammonia or ammonia adhering to dust, an automatic analyzer inconformity to JIS, or the like can be transmitted. In the measurement ofammonia for the management of the denitration system, it is necessary tograsp all unreacted ammonias (denitration system leak ammonias) forinjected ammonias so as to confirm emission and absorption ofsubstances. It is, therefore, necessary to measure not only the gaseousammonia but also the ammonia adhering to dust.

The transmitted measurement data is centralized and managed by theapparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 serving as a datamanagement center. The performance of the respective layers can begrasped and managed by calculating the denitration ratios inconsideration of ammonia/NO_(x) concentrations since a reaction ratiochanges according to a ratio of ammonia to NO_(x) concentrations in themanagement. The measurement may be made once or more per day.

In this manner, the management of the performance of the entiredenitration systems and the prediction of the future performance thereofcan be performed. In addition, performance management for each catalystlayer and specification of the catalyst layer exhibiting the greatestdeterioration can be performed as a daily management.

(Functional Configuration of Apparatus for Managing a DenitrationCatalyst)

A functional configuration of the apparatus for managing a denitrationcatalyst according to this embodiment of the present invention will beexplained next. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a functionalconfiguration of the apparatus for managing a denitration catalystaccording to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.4, the apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 includes areceiver 401, a performance information database 402, a determining unit403, an output unit 404, a denitration catalyst management informationdatabase 405, a cost information database 406, and a charge amountdetermining unit 407.

The receiver 401 receives measurement data (i.e., information on theperformance of the denitration catalyst 101) transmitted from themeasuring device 102, more specifically, from the transmitter 309 of themeasuring device 102 shown in FIG. 3, through the network 200. Functionsof the receiver 401 are realized by the interface such as the modem, notshown.

The performance information database 402 stores the measurement datareceived by the receiver 401 for each of the denitration catalysts 101in each of the exhaust-gas denitration system 100. The data stored inthe performance information database 402 includes not only themeasurement data received by the receiver 401 but also data on autilization status of each of the denitration catalysts 101 (a historyas to which layer of the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 thedenitration catalyst 101 is used as, when, how often, and by what methodthe denitration catalyst 101 is regenerated, and the like). Functions ofthe performance information database 402 are realized with, for example,a recording medium such as a hard disk, not shown.

The determining unit 403 determines which processing is performed forthe denitration catalyst 101, the regeneration processing or thereplacement processing, or whether none of the regeneration processingand the replacement processing are performed for each denitrationcatalyst 101 based on the information relating on the performance of thedenitration catalyst 101 stored in the performance information database402. Further, the determining unit 403 selects an optimum regenerationprocessing from among a plurality of types of regeneration processingsif determining that the regeneration processing for the denitrationcatalyst 101 is performed. Detailed procedures in relation to thedetermination and the selection of the optimum regeneration processingwill be explained later.

If determining that the replacement processing is performed, thedetermining unit 403 can determine whether the denitration catalyst 101is replaced with a denitration catalyst that has been used in anexhaust-gas denitration system other than the determination targetexhaust-gas denitration system 100 and that has been subjected to theregeneration processing. Thus, used denitration catalysts used in apower station, of which an operation has been suspended for a longperiod of time, or which has been discontinued, are collected andsubjected to the regeneration processing, and the resultant denitrationcatalysts are stored. The stored denitration catalyst can be sold at alower price than that of a new one in response to a demand therefor.

When determining that the replacement processing is performed, thedetermining unit 403 can also determine whether to alter the shape ofthe replacement target denitration catalyst. When determining that theregeneration processing is performed, the determining unit 403 can alsodetermine whether to alter the shape of the regeneration targetdenitration catalyst 101.

The determining unit 403 further determines whether at least one of theregeneration processing for the denitration catalyst 101, thereplacement processing for the denitration catalyst 101, or the additionprocessing for adding a new denitration catalyst is performed or whethernone of the processings are performed, based on the information on theperformance of the denitration catalyst 101 stored in the performanceinformation database 402. When determining that the addition processingis performed, the determining unit 403 can also determine whether to addthe denitration catalyst that has been used in another exhaust-gasdenitration system and that has been subjected to the regenerationprocessing. Furthermore, when determining that the addition processingis performed, the determining unit 403 may determine whether to alterthe shape of the addition target denitration catalyst.

The determining unit 403 determines the execution timing of theregeneration processing for each denitration catalyst 101 or thereplacement processing therefor based on the information on theperformance of the denitration catalyst 101 stored in the performanceinformation database 402 for each denitration catalyst. Alternatively,the determining unit 403 may determine the execution timing of theregeneration processing for the denitration catalyst 101, thereplacement processing therefor, or the addition processing for the newdenitration catalyst based on the information on the performance of thedenitration catalyst 101 stored in the performance information database402 for each denitration catalyst.

Functions of the determining unit 403 are realized by making the CPUexecute programs stored in, for example, the ROM, the RAM, or the harddisk, not shown.

The output unit 404 registers results obtained by the determining unit403 in the denitration catalyst management information database 405 ortransmits them to a predetermined transmission destination through thenetwork 200. The charge amount determining unit 407 registers andtransmits information on a determined charge amount. Functions of theoutput unit 404 are realized by making the CPU execute programs storedin, for example, the ROM, the RAM, or the hard disk, not shown, or bythe interface such as the modem, not shown.

The denitration catalyst management information database 405 registersand manages, as denitration catalyst management information, the resultsobtained by the determining unit 403 for each denitration catalyst 101.Functions of the denitration catalyst management information database405 are realized with, for example, the recording medium such as thehard disk, not shown.

The cost information database 406 stores information on costs requiredfor the regeneration processing and the replacement processing.Functions of the cost information database 406 are realized with, forexample, the recording medium such as the hard disk, not shown.

The charge amount determining unit 407 determines, as a charge amount,an amount of money at a predetermined ratio to a difference between thecost required for the replacement processing and the cost required forthe regeneration processing, if the determining unit 403 determines thatthe regeneration processing is performed. A new accounting system thatchecks for a deterioration status of the denitration catalyst and thatcharges a client that desires performance assurance with a costaccording to a deterioration factor, a deterioration degree, or the likecan be constituted.

Alternatively, the charge amount determining unit 407 may determine thecharge amount from a user of the exhaust-gas denitration system based oncosts required for an installation processing for the denitrationcatalysts and the management thereof. Specifically, the charge amountdetermining unit 407 determines the charge amount by, for example,multiplying the costs by a predetermined coefficient. It is therebypossible to rent out denitration catalysts to facilities such as athermal power station or a waste incinerator having denitration systems,execute the periodic maintenance management and the daily management toperform an NO_(x) treatment for the power station, and collect a rentalfee calculated from the catalyst installation cost and the managementcost for the processing. As a result, a long-term rental contractenables the user to take environmental measures at lower cost than thatrequired to purchase the denitration catalysts. Functions of the chargeamount determining unit 407 are realized by, for example, making the CPUexecute programs stored in the ROM, the RAM, or the hard disk, notshown.

(Periodic Maintenance Management)

A detail of the periodic maintenance management for the denitrationcatalysts 101 will be explained next. The “periodic maintenance” refersto a periodic check or a long-term suspension of operation. Realdenitration catalysts are extracted from those within the exhaust-gasdenitration system 100 during the periodic maintenance, and theperformance of each denitration catalyst 101 is checked. The performanceof the denitration catalyst is the denitration ratio, or an SO₂oxidization ratio or an SO₃ conversion ratio (hereinafter, “SO₂oxidation ratio”). By thus checking the performance of the denitrationcatalyst 101, a deterioration factor for the denitration catalyst 101 isgrasped. In addition, a deteriorated region within one unit of thedenitration catalyst 101 is also grasped.

Various methods and devices for the performance test of each denitrationcatalyst 101 are known and the present invention is not limited to anyspecific method or any specific device therefor. A purpose of graspingthe performance of the denitration catalyst 101 is to grasp thedenitration ratio or the SO₂ oxidation ratio under ideal or standardconditions. If it is grasped, a performance deterioration caused by thecatalyst itself can be determined. In the actual exhaust-gas denitrationsystem 100, the performance quality sometimes depends on variousfactors. Examples of the various factors include gas properties of dust,an injection state of NH₃ serving as a reducer, and a gas flow. Themeasured performance of the denitration catalyst 101 enables estimatingthe catalyst performance in the actual system by adjusting an AV (areavelocity), an LV (linear velocity), or the like to the actual system.

The AV [m/h (m³N/m²/h)] can be expressed asAV=G/A,where “G” is a processing gas amount [m³N/h] and “A” is a surface area[m²] in a catalyst pore.

In addition, the LV [m/s] can be expressed asLV=Q/S,where “Q” is a gas amount [m³/s] at a processing temperature and “S” isa cross sectional area of a gas inlet before entry of the gas into thecatalyst layer.

Experiments and analyses conducted by the applicant show that the useddenitration catalyst 101 tends to be deteriorated only on the gas inletside thereof. The experiments and the analyses conducted by theapplicant also show that the performance of one catalyst (a length of400 millimeters (mm) to 1,000 mm) is dominated by the performance of apart of the catalyst up to 300 mm from the inlet, and that a catalystequal to or longer than 600 mm in a present state is disposed of withoutusing a part (equal to or more than a half) of the catalyst irrelevantto the performance. Therefore, it is preferable to consider an optimumlength of each of the catalysts to be used when the denitration systemis designed or the real system predicts the performance of the catalyst.

Thus, grasping the deteriorated region within one unit of thedenitration catalyst 101, it is found that the deterioration issignificant on the gas inlet side of the denitration catalyst 101, and aportion of the denitration catalyst 101 on the outlet side remains ingood condition. By thus grasping the deterioration factor for thedenitration catalyst 101, a daily management performance evaluation anda future performance prediction for each denitration catalyst layer canbe complemented.

(Determination of Deteriorated Layer of Denitration Catalyst)

A detail of a determination of a deteriorated layer of the denitrationcatalyst 101 will be explained next. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram forexplaining details of determination for a denitration catalyst layer,which is deteriorated, in the method for managing a denitration catalystaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 isfurther deteriorated, deterioration level of the system 100 or the mostdeteriorated layer is determined based on the performance of thecatalyst of each layer extracted at the previous periodic maintenanceand the performance of each layer obtained by gas measurement (dailymanagement) using a graph shown in FIG. 6 or the like (step S500). FIG.6 is a schematic diagram (graph) for explaining a change in a designdenitration ratio to an operating time and a change in an unreacted(leak) NH₃.

When a result of the determination at step S500 indicates that thedeterioration is due to an operational problem of the exhaust-gasdenitration system (step S501), a normal operation is recommended or aspecification change is recommended if necessary. The operationalproblem is, for example, a use of the exhaust-gas denitration system 100under conditions exceeding a design specification thereof, a use of theexhaust-gas denitration system 100 at a mole ratio exceeding a designNH₃/NO_(x) (mole ratio), and a use of the exhaust-gas denitration system100 without modifying operation to be suitable for a fuel changed(change from low sulfur fuel oil to high sulfur fuel oil).

When the determination result at step S500 indicates that thedeterioration is due to a problem in maintenance and design of thedenitration system (step S502), for example, insufficient maintenancefor the exhaust-gas denitration system 100, deficiency in thespecification or design of the catalyst components of the denitrationcatalyst 101, then improvement of maintenance in a part at whichmaintenance is insufficient, and removal of such factor are proposed.The insufficient maintenance for the exhaust-gas denitration system 100is, for example, insufficient injection of NH₃ (because of nozzleclogging or the like), a reduction in a reactive area due toaccumulation of dust caused by a gas flow rate flow change, and erosion.The deficiency in the specification or design of the catalyst componentsof the denitration catalyst 101, is for example, a failure to select thecatalyst components suitable for the processing exhaust gas, and thedust clogging due to arrangement of the catalysts (pileup of thehoneycomb type catalysts).

One of the proposals for the improvement of the insufficient maintenancepart and the removal of the factor may be made for of an optimumcatalyst length (about 300 to 500 mm for a honeycomb catalyst at a pitchof 7 mm), in view of the fact that the current SV-base design oftenresults in an over-specification.

When the determination result at step S500 indicates that thedeterioration is caused by deterioration in the performance of thedenitration catalyst (step S503), the regeneration processing isperformed (steps S504 to S508) with a view of removing the deteriorationfactor. As the regeneration processing, if only the inlet side isdeteriorated irrespectively of the deterioration factor (step S504), thedeteriorated catalyst layer is reset by reversing a gas flow direction,whereby the deteriorated catalyst layer can be removed. Alternatively, adeteriorated region may be removed (cut off or separated) and thecatalyst layer may be then reset.

If the deterioration factor is removable with water (step S505), thedeteriorated denitration catalyst layer is washed and regenerated, andthen reset. If the denitration catalyst 101 is physically fragile, thedenitration catalyst layer may be washed and regenerated while thedenitration catalyst layer is set within the exhaust-gas denitrationsystem 100.

The regeneration processing executed at steps S504 and S505 is explainedin detail in the patent application already filed by the presentapplicant and entitled “Denitration Catalyst Regeneration Method”(Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-181180, filed on Jun.21, 2002).

When the deterioration factor is removable with chemicals (step S506),that is, if the deterioration factor (for example, vanadium) is notremovable with water, the deterioration factor is cleaned andregenerated using chemicals such as oxalic acid. Further, after thecleaning with the chemicals, the deterioration factor may be dried orheated so as to recover the performance of the catalyst. In addition,treatments for generated waste liquid and waste matter are executed.

If the deterioration factor is removable by abrasion (step S507), thatis, the deterioration factor is not removable with the washing orchemical treatment, the catalyst surface is abraded and regeneratedusing an abrasive or abrasive grains. However, it is noted that becausethis method entails a physical wear by scraping the catalyst itself, isnot suitable for repeated regeneration.

If the deterioration factor is not removable (step S508), the catalystcomponents are subjected to re-impregnation (re-coating) (step S509).That is, the deteriorated catalyst is not disposed of but is kept as itis or crushed down, and the catalyst components are re-adjusted, therebyregenerating and reusing them.

Alternatively, when the deterioration factor is not removable (stepS508), the deteriorated catalyst is replaced with a new catalyst (stepS510). In other words, if not reusable, the deteriorated catalyst isdisposed of and is replaced with a new catalyst. It is noted, however,that the length of the catalyst is adjusted to be optimum and areplacing catalyst is provided to the user at a low price.

(Performance Prediction)

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram (graph) for explaining secular changemanagement and performance variation prediction. As shown in FIG. 7, theapparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201 manages the secularchange in the information on the performance of each of the denitrationcatalysts 101 including information on the leak NH₃, whereby the device201 can make a future performance prediction. In addition, the device201 can determine execution timing for the regeneration processing forthe denitration catalysts 101 or execution timing for the replacementprocessing for each of the denitration catalyst 101.

(Merit of Employing Regenerated Denitration Catalyst)

A merit of employing the regenerated denitration catalyst 101 will beexplained next. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a merit ofregeneration of the denitration catalyst 101. A predicted merit when thedenitration catalysts are replaced with regenerated catalysts instead ofa new catalyst is shown in FIG. 8.

Conditions are as follows. A power station output is 500 megawatts. Acatalyst amount is about 724 cubic meters (181 m³/layer). The number ofcatalyst layers is 4. The number of catalysts is 37,440 (9,360catalysts/layer), and a catalyst unit price is 3 million to 4 millionyen. As shown in FIG. 8, if a deteriorated catalyst replacement patternis assumed, a merit of about 100 million yen/year per unit is predictedfor a ten-year balance. Even if costs of the daily management (5 millionyen/year per unit) and the cost for catalyst performance check (10million yen/2 years per unit) during the periodic maintenances aresubtracted from the merit, a merit of about 90 million yen/year per unitis predicted.

(Denitration Catalyst Addition Processing)

A detail of an addition processing of a denitration catalyst will beexplained next. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another configurationof the exhaust-gas denitration system. As compared with the exhaust-gasdenitration system 100 shown in FIG. 3, the exhaust-gas denitrationsystem 100 shown in FIG. 9 is provided with a new denitration catalyst901 above the denitration catalyst 101A. By thus providing the newdenitration catalyst 901 besides the already provided denitrationcatalysts 101A to 101D, a processing performance of the exhaust-gasdenitration system 100 can be improved without performing thereplacement processing or the regeneration processing for thedenitration catalysts 101A to 101D.

Alternatively, the addition processing may be performed together withthe replacement processing or the regeneration processing for thedenitration catalysts 101A to 101D. In an example shown in FIG. 9, theadded denitration catalyst 901 is installed above the denitrationcatalyst 101A. However, an installation location is not limited thereto.The added denitration catalyst 901 may be, therefore, provided below thedenitration catalyst 101D or between the denitration catalysts, forexample. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the number of the denitrationcatalyst 901 to be added is just one. However, the number of thedenitration catalysts 901 is not limited to one and may be two or more.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams for explaining a simulationexample of an addition (increase) of the denitration catalyst. In FIGS.10 and 11, an example of adding a denitration catalyst 1101 abovedenitration catalysts 1001 and 1002 is shown. By adding the denitrationcatalyst 1101, “NO” is reduced from ‘20.3’ to ‘18.9’, “NH₃” is reducedfrom ‘2.3’ to ‘0.9’, and “total denitration ratio” is improved from‘86.5%’ to ‘87.4%’. By showing the example shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 tothe user, an effect of the denitration catalyst addition processing canbe clearly displayed.

(Denitration Catalyst Alteration Processing)

A detail of an alteration processing for a denitration catalyst will beexplained next. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of still configuration ofthe exhaust-gas denitration system. The exhaust-gas denitration system100 shown in FIG. 12 differs from the exhaust-gas denitration system 100shown in FIG. 3 in that the shape of the denitration catalyst 101D isaltered when the regeneration processing for the denitration catalyst101D is performed. FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams for explainingthe alteration processing for the denitration catalyst 101D. As shown inFIGS. 13 and 14, the alteration processing is specifically cutting ofthe denitration catalyst 101D in parallel to a plane surface into twodenitration catalysts 1201 and 1202. The denitration catalysts 1201 and1202 are installed in the exhaust-gas denitration system 100 while apredetermined distance is kept therebetween.

In the example shown in FIG. 13, the denitration catalysts 1201 and 1202are substantially equal in width (“w” for both the denitration catalysts1201 and 1202). Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14, the denitrationcatalyst 101D may be cut and separated so that a width of thedenitration catalyst 1201 (the width “w₁”) and a width of thedenitration catalyst 1202 (the width “w₂”) differ (“w₁”>“w₂”). At thattime, if the respective widths are changed according to the position orthe like of the denitration catalyst to be altered, the alterationprocessing can be performed more efficiently.

Furthermore, the alteration processing may include not only cutting inparallel to the plane surface but also cutting and separation of thedenitration catalyst perpendicularly to the plane surface, or at anarbitrary angle. The denitration catalyst may be cut into not two butthree or more. While the alteration processing is performed during theregeneration processing in the above explanation, only the alterationprocessing may be performed without performing the regenerationprocessing. Alternatively, the same alteration processing may beperformed during not the regeneration processing but the replacementprocessing.

(Another Functional Configuration of Denitration Catalyst ManagementDevice)

Another functional configuration of the apparatus for managing adenitration catalyst according to the embodiment of the presentinvention will be explained next. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram forexplaining another functional configuration of the apparatus formanaging a denitration catalyst according to an embodiment of thepresent invention. In FIG. 15, like reference numerals designate likeconstituent elements as those shown in FIG. 4, and they will not beexplained herein. With the functional configuration shown in FIG. 4, thedetermination is made based on the measurement result of the denitrationcatalysts in the management target exhaust-gas denitration system. Inthe example shown in FIG. 15, the denitration catalysts in themanagement target exhaust-gas denitration system are not measured.Instead, the performance of the management target denitration catalystsin the exhaust-gas denitration system are predicted from information onmanagement of the other exhaust-gas denitration systems, and managementis performed based on the prediction.

In FIG. 15, the apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst 201includes the receiver 401, the performance information database 402, thedetermining unit 403, the output unit 404, the denitration catalystmanagement information database 405, the cost information database 406,the charge amount determining unit 407, and an input unit 1501.

The input unit 1501 accepts input of information on an equipment scaleand an operating time of exhaust-gas denitration system, of which theperformance is to be predicted. Specifically, functions of the inputunit 1501 are realized with a pointing device such as a keyboard or amouse, not shown. Alternatively, the information may be input to thereceiver 401 through the network 200.

The determining unit 403 predicts the performance of the denitrationcatalysts in the exhaust-gas denitration system for each denitrationcatalyst based on the input information on the equipment scale and theoperating time of the exhaust-gas denitration system. During theprediction, information on performance of a plurality of denitrationcatalysts in the other exhaust-gas denitration systems stored in theperformance information database 402, and information on the executiontiming of the denitration catalyst regeneration processing, thedenitration catalyst replacement processing, or the new denitrationcatalyst addition processing determined based on the performanceinformation and stored in the denitration catalyst managementinformation database 405 are used. Based on the predicted performance ofthe denitration catalysts, the execution timing of the denitrationcatalyst regeneration processing, the denitration catalyst replacementprocessing, or the new denitration catalyst addition processing isdetermined for each denitration catalyst. A result of the determinationis output by the output unit 404, or stored in the denitration catalystmanagement information database.

As explained above, according to the embodiments of the presentinvention, the performance of the denitration catalysts 101 are measuredfor each of the denitration catalyst 101. Based on the measuredperformance, determination is made as to which of the processings is tobe performed, the regeneration processing for the denitration catalysts101 or the replacement processing therefor, or determination is made onwhether neither of the processings is performed, for each denitrationcatalyst 101. The performance of the denitration catalysts 101 can begrasped for each denitration catalyst 101, and an appropriate processingcan be carried out for each denitration catalyst 101 based on thegrasped performance. It is, therefore, possible to efficiently andcost-effectively manage the denitration catalysts 101.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, the optimumregeneration processing is selected from among a plurality ofregeneration processings when the regeneration processing for thedenitration catalysts 101 is performed based on the measuredperformance. It is, therefore, possible to more efficiently and morecost-effectively manage the denitration catalysts.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, a plurality ofdenitration catalysts 101 including those in the exhaust-gas denitrationsystems in the power stations suspended or discontinued are managedcomprehensively and intensively using the network. For example, thedenitration catalyst 101 is replaced by the denitration catalyst thathas been used in the other exhaust-gas denitration system and that hasbeen subjected to the regeneration processing. It is, therefore,possible to facilitate management for more appropriate replacement ofthe denitration catalyst 101, and suppress total cost.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, if it isdetermined to perform the regeneration processing, it is possible tocharge the user the amount of money at the predetermined ratio to thedifference between the cost required for the replacement processing andthe cost required for the regeneration processing.

As another accounting method, denitration catalysts are owned, and theowned denitration catalysts are rented out to facilities including thedenitration systems such as the thermal power station or the wasteincinerator. The periodic maintenance management and the dailymanagement for the rented denitration catalysts are executed to carryout the NO_(x) treatment for the power station. The used denitrationcatalyst may be a new or a regenerated catalyst. All the managements andthe checks are executed to ensure a hedge (to avoid risk) against theNO_(x) treatment. In compensation for the managements and the checks, arental fee calculated from the denitration catalyst installation costand the management cost can be collected. As a result, a long-termrental contract enables the user to take environmental measures at lowercost than that required to purchase the denitration catalysts.

Furthermore, the execution timing of the regeneration processing for thedenitration catalysts 101 or the replacement processing therefor isdetermined for each denitration catalyst 101 based on the measuredperformance. By notifying the regeneration or replacement timing inadvance, efficient measures for the processing can be taken.

In the daily management of the denitration catalysts 101, the exhaustgas is measured for each denitration catalyst 101 at the inlet and theoutlet therefor. In the periodic maintenance management of thedenitration catalysts 101, the sample of each denitration catalyst 101is extracted and the performance of the extracted sample is measured.Therefore, it is possible to acquire more accurate information on theperformance of the denitration catalysts 101.

Moreover, the performance of the management target denitration catalystsin the exhaust-gas denitration system are predicted based on the alreadymeasured data on the denitration catalysts in the other exhaust-gasdenitration systems. It is, therefore, unnecessary to measure theperformance of the management target exhaust-gas denitration system.Accordingly, it is unnecessary to separately provide facilities for themeasurement and take labor and time for the measurement.

As explained, the present invention advantageously provides the methodand the apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst that cancomprehensively and intensively manage a denitration catalyst, andensure efficient and cost-effective management for the denitrationcatalyst including regeneration and replacement therefor.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

As described above, the present invention is suitable for a method andan apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst that performmaintenance for denitration catalysts including regeneration,replacement, addition, and alteration by managing the denitrationcatalysts in an exhaust-gas denitration system.

1. A method for managing a denitration catalyst, the method for managinga plurality of denitration catalysts in an exhaust-gas denitrationsystem, the method comprising: predicting performance of each of thedenitration catalysts based on information on a scale and a total timeof operation of the exhaust-gas denitration system; and determining, inconsideration of both [NH₃] and [NO_(x)] measured at an inlet and anoutlet of each denitration catalyst, execution timing for regenerationof the denitration catalysts, for replacement of the denitrationcatalysts, and for addition of a new denitration catalyst, besidesalready provided denitration catalysts, based on the performance,wherein the performance is determined by calculating a denitration ratio(η) according to the following equation (2): $\begin{matrix}{\eta = {\frac{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}}} )}{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}} + {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )} \times 100 \times {\frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}.}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$
 2. An apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst thatmanages a plurality of denitration catalysts in an exhaust-gasdenitration system that includes a measuring device, the apparatuscomprising: a receiving unit that receives information on performance ofeach of the denitration catalysts that is measured by the measuringdevice, through a network; a storage unit that stores the information;and a determining unit that determines in consideration of both [NH₃]and [NO_(x)] measured at an inlet and an outlet of each denitrationcatalyst which process is to be performed, regeneration of thedenitration catalysts or replacement of the denitration catalysts, orneither of the regeneration nor the replacement is performed, for eachof the denitration catalysts based on the information in the storageunit, wherein the performance is determined by calculating a denitrationratio (η) according to the following equation (2): $\begin{matrix}{\eta = {\frac{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}}} )}{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}} + {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )} \times 100 \times {\frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}.}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$
 3. The apparatus for managing a denitration catalystaccording to claim 2, wherein the determining unit determines whether atleast one of the regeneration, the replacement, and an addition of a newdenitration catalyst is performed, or none of the regeneration, thereplacement, and the addition is performed, for each of the denitrationcatalysts based on the information in the storage unit.
 4. An apparatusfor managing a denitration catalyst that manages a plurality ofdenitration catalysts in an exhaust-gas denitration system that includesa measuring device, the apparatus comprising: a receiving unit thatreceives information on performance of each of the denitration catalyststhat is measured by the measuring device, through a network; a storageunit that stores the information; and a determining unit that determinesin consideration of both [NH₃] and [NO_(x)] measured at an inlet and anoutlet of each denitration catalyst execution timing for regeneration ofthe denitration catalysts and for replacement of the denitrationcatalysts for each of the denitration catalysts based on the informationin the storage unit, wherein the performance is determined bycalculating a denitration ratio (η) according to the following equation(2): $\begin{matrix}{\eta = {\frac{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}}} )}{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}} + {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )} \times 100 \times {\frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}.}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$
 5. The apparatus for managing a denitration catalystaccording to claim 4, wherein the determining unit determines executiontiming for an addition of a new denitration catalyst for each of thedenitration catalysts based on the information in the storage unit inaddition to the execution timing for the regeneration and for thereplacement.
 6. An apparatus for managing a denitration catalyst thatmanages a plurality of denitration catalysts in a first exhaust-gasdenitration system, the apparatus comprising: a storage unit that storesinformation on performance of a plurality of denitration catalysts in asecond exhaust-gas denitration system and information on executiontiming for regeneration of the denitration catalysts, for replacement ofthe denitration catalysts, and for addition of a new denitrationcatalyst that are determined based on the information on the performanceof the denitration catalysts in the second exhaust-gas denitrationsystem; a predicting unit that predicts performance of each of thedenitration catalysts in the first exhaust-gas denitration system basedon the information in the storage unit; and a determining unit thatdetermines execution timing for the regeneration, for the replacement,and for the addition for each of the denitration catalysts, besidesalready provided denitration catalysts, based on the performancepredicted, wherein the performance is determined by calculating adenitration ratio (η) according to the following equation (2):$\begin{matrix}{\eta = {\frac{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}}} )}{( {{{inlet}{\mspace{11mu}\;}{NH}_{3}} - {{outlet}\mspace{20mu}{NH}_{3}} + {{outlet}\mspace{14mu}{NO}_{x}}} )} \times 100 \times {\frac{{evaluation}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}{{inlet}\mspace{14mu}{mole}\mspace{14mu}{ratio}}.}}} & (2)\end{matrix}$